My research aims to advance our understanding of Earth’s climate system using state-of-the-art climate modeling and model–proxy synthesis. I investigate climate variability across timescales, ranging from the past around 3 million years to future projections, with a focus on identifying the key mechanisms that govern large-scale climate transitions and variability.
A central goal of my work is to establish causal links between ocean–atmosphere–cryosphere interactions and global climate change. My research addresses fundamental questions in climate science, including the changes in major circulation systems, the role of polar processes in global climate regulation, and the drivers of low-frequency climate variability. By bridging paleoclimate insights with future climate projections, my work contributes to improving confidence in climate predictions and assessing potential risks to environmental and societal systems.
Core Research Areas
2026 Chao Liu, Soon-Il An*, Kyung-Sook Yun, Gagan Mandal, and co-authors. “Precessional modulation of ENSO strength and spatial structure in a transient CGCM simulation of the past 3 million years.” npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 8, 380 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01355-2 (Impact factor: 8.4)
2025 Gagan Mandal, Soon-Il An*, Jae-Heung Park, Kyung-Sook Yun, Chao Liu, and Seungmok Paik. “Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability in a transient CGCM simulation of the past 2.6 Ma.” Nature Communications, 16, 39 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55327-2 (Impact factor: 15.7)
2025 Jun-Young Moon, Soon-Il An*, Gagan Mandal, Hajoon Song, Young-Min Yang and So-Eun Park. “Antarctic meltwater spread pattern modulates Abyssal Ocean Circulation Weakening.” Communications Earth & Environment, 6, 586 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02589-3 (Impact factor: 8.9)
2025 So-Eun Park, Soon-Il An*, Hajoon Song, Gagan Mandal, Jun-Young Moon. “Inter-model diversity and Its Drivers in Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation.”npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 8, 380 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01258-8 (Impact factor: 8.4)
2024 Gagan Mandal*, Amali I. Hettiarachchi, and Shail V. Ekka. “The North Atlantic subpolar ocean dynamics during the past 21,000 years.” Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 106,101462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2024.101462 (Impact factor: 2.0)
2024 Jae-Heung Park, Young-Min Yang, Yoo-Geun Ham, Hyun-Su Jo, Hyo-Jin Park, So-Eun Park, Chao Liu, Gagan Mandal, Soon-Il An and Jong-Seong Kug*. “Significant winter Atlantic Niño effect on ENSO and its future projection.” npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 7(1), 238. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00790-3 (Impact factor: 8.4)
2022 Gagan Mandal, Jia-Yuh Yu, and Shih-Yu Lee*. “The Roles of Orbital and Meltwater Climate Forcings on the Southern Ocean Dynamics during the Last Deglaciation.” Sustainability, 14(5), 2927. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052927 (Impact factor: 3.3)
2021 Gagan Mandal, Shih-Yu Lee*, and Jia-Yuh Yu. “The Roles of Wind and Sea Ice in Driving the Deglacial Change in the Southern Ocean Upwelling: A Modeling Study.” Sustainability, 13(1), 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010353 (Impact factor: 3.3)
